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Average Speed Tour De France

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Cycling race

1993 Bout de France
Route of the 1993 Tour de France

Route of the 1993 Tour de French republic
Race details
Dates 3–25 July
Stages twenty + Prologue
Distance 3,714 km (2,308 mi)
Winning time 95h 57' 09"
Results
Winner Miguel Indurain(ESP) (Banesto)
Second Tony Rominger(SUI) (CLAS–Cajastur)
Third Zenon Jaskuła(Politico) (GB–MG Maglificio)
Points Djamolidine Abdoujaparov(UZB) (Lampre–Polti)
Mountains Tony Rominger(SUI) (CLAS–Cajastur)
Youth Antonio Martín(ESP) (Amaya Seguros)
Combativity Massimo Ghirotto(ITA) (ZG Mobili)
Team Carrera Jeans–Tassoni

← 1992

1994 →

The 1993 Tour de France was the 80th edition of the Bout de France, taking place from 3 to 25 July. It consisted of twenty stages, over a distance of 3,714 km (2,308 mi).

The winner of the previous two years, Miguel Indurain, successfully defended his title. The points nomenclature was won by Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, while the mountains classification was won past Tony Rominger.

Teams [edit]

The organisers of the Bout, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), felt that it was no longer safe to have 198 cyclists in the race, as more and more traffic islands had been made, and then the total number of teams was reduced from 22 to 20,[1] composing of ix cyclists.[2] The offset 14 teams were selected in May 1993, based on the FICP ranking.[3] In June 1993, six additional wildcards were given; one of which was given to a combination of ii teams, Chazal–Vetta–MBK and Subaru.[iv] The Subaru team did not desire to be role of a mixed team, so Chazal was allowed to send a full squad.[5]

The teams inbound the race were:[ii]

Qualified teams

  • Ariostea
  • Banesto
  • Carrera Jeans–Tassoni
  • Castorama
  • CLAS–Cajastur
  • Festina–Lotus
  • Gatorade–Mega Drive–Kenwood
  • GB–MG Maglificio
  • Lampre–Polti
  • Motorola
  • Novemail–Histor–Laser Computer
  • ONCE
  • Squad Telekom
  • WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca

Invited teams

  • Amaya Seguros
  • Chazal–Vetta–MBK
  • GAN
  • Lotto
  • TVM–Bison Kit
  • ZG Mobili

Pre-race favourites [edit]

The defending champion Miguel Indurain was the big favourite, having won the 1993 Giro d'Italia earlier that yr.[6]

Route and stages [edit]

The route was unveiled in October 1992. Most team directors expected it to exist more hard than the 1992 Tour de French republic.[ane] The highest point of elevation in the race was ii,802 m (ix,193 ft) at the Cime de la Bonette loop route on stage 11.[7] [8]

Stage characteristics and winners[9] [x] [eleven] [12]
Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner
P 3 July Le Puy du Fou 6.viii km (4.2 mi) Individual time trial Miguel Indurain(ESP)
1 4 July Luçon to Les Sables-d'Olonne 215.0 km (133.6 mi) Evidently stage Mario Cipollini(ITA)
2 v July Les Sables-d'Olonne to Vannes 227.5 km (141.4 mi) Plain stage Wilfried Nelissen(BEL)
three 6 July Vannes to Dinard 189.5 km (117.seven mi) Plain stage Djamolidine Abdoujaparov(UZB)
4 7 July Dinard to Avranches 81.0 km (50.3 mi) Squad time trial GB–MG Maglificio
five eight July Avranches to Évreux 225.5 km (140.ane mi) Plain stage Jesper Skibby(DEN)
6 9 July Évreux to Amiens 158.0 km (98.2 mi) Plain stage Johan Bruyneel(BEL)
vii ten July Péronne to Châlons-sur-Marne 199.0 km (123.7 mi) Apparently stage Bjarne Riis(DEN)
8 11 July Châlons-sur-Marne to Verdun 184.5 km (114.vi mi) Plain stage Lance Armstrong(U.s.)
9 12 July Lac de Madine 59.0 km (36.7 mi) Individual time trial Miguel Indurain(ESP)
13 July Villard-de-Lans Residual day
x 14 July Villard-de-Lans to Serre Chevalier 203.0 km (126.1 mi) Phase with mountain(due south) Toni Rominger(SUI)
11 fifteen July Serre Chevalier to Isola 2000 179.0 km (111.2 mi) Phase with mountain(s) Toni Rominger(SUI)
12 sixteen July Isola to Marseille 286.5 km (178.0 mi) Patently stage Fabio Roscioli(ITA)
13 17 July Marseille to Montpellier 181.5 km (112.eight mi) Plain stage Olaf Ludwig(GER)
14 18 July Montpellier to Perpignan 223.0 km (138.6 mi) Plain phase Pascal Lino(FRA)
xv 19 July Perpignan to Pal 231.5 km (143.eight mi) Stage with mountain(s) Oliverio Rincón(COL)
20 July Principality of andorra Residue day
16 21 July Principality of andorra to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet 230.0 km (142.9 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Zenon Jaskuła(POL)
17 22 July Tarbes to Pau 190.0 km (118.one mi) Stage with mountain(s) Claudio Chiappucci(ITA)
18 23 July Orthez to Bordeaux 199.five km (124.0 mi) Plain stage Djamolidine Abdoujaparov(UZB)
19 24 July Brétigny-sur-Orge to Montlhéry 48.0 km (29.8 mi) Private fourth dimension trial Toni Rominger(SUI)
20 25 July Viry-Châtillon to Paris (Champs-Élysées) 196.five km (122.one mi) Apparently stage Djamolidine Abdoujaparov(UZB)
Total 3,714 km (2,308 mi)[13]

Race overview [edit]

The 1993 Tour started in the same manner as the 1992 Tour: Indurain won, with Alex Zülle in 2d place.[6] The next stages were flat, and all finished in mass sprints. Afterward the 2nd stage, sprinter Wilfried Nelissen had collected enough time bonuses to get leader in the general classification.[6]

The team time trial in stage four was the first phase with significant effects on the full general classification. Banesto (Indurain's team) came in 7th, losing more than i minute, but the biggest loser was Tony Rominger, whose Clas team lost more than than three minutes.[6]

The contenders for the overall victory saved their energy in the next few stages, and cyclists who would not exist a threat in the mountains were allowed to pause away, with only the sprinters' teams trying to get them back. The sixth stage was run with an average speed of almost 49.5 kilometres per 60 minutes (thirty.8 mph), at that moment the fastest mass-start stage in the Bout.[half-dozen]

In the ninth phase, an individual time trial, the general nomenclature changed. Indurain was a lot faster than the other cyclists, winning the stage with a margin of more two minutes, and became the new leader in the general nomenclature.[6]

The next stages were in the Alps. Tony Rominger attacked, trying to win back time. Although he was able to win the stage, Indurain had followed him closely, then Rominger did not win back whatsoever time. Other pre-race favourites lost considerable time this stage and were no longer in contention, such as Claudio Chiappucci, who lost more 8 minutes.[6]

In the eleventh stage, Rominger tried it again. But again, Indurain stayed with him. Rominger won the stage over again, just the margin to Indurain stayed the same. Rominger did jump to quaternary place in the general classification, because Erik Breukink lost almost ten minutes.[6]

The next three stages were relatively apartment, and the top of the general classification stayed the same. In the fifteenth stage, Pyrenean climbs were included. The stage was won by Oliverio Rincón, the only survivor of an early breakaway. Behind him, Rominger over again tried to get abroad from Indurain, simply was unable to practice and then.[6]

In the sixteenth stage, again in the Pyrenées, Rominger was finally able to get away from Indurain, but the margin was just three seconds. The seventeenth phase was the terminal stage with serious climbs, so the last realistic opportunity to win back time on Indurain, simply this did not happen, so it seemed certain that Indurain would become the winner.[vi]

The residue of the podium was determined in the individual time trial in stage 19. It was won by Rominger, with Indurain in second place. Rominger thus climbed to the second place in the general nomenclature.

Classification leadership and minor prizes [edit]

There were several classifications in the 1993 Tour de France.[xiv] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist'due south finishing times on each phase. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this nomenclature is considered the winner of the Bout.[xv]

Additionally, at that place was a points nomenclature, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage cease, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[16]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, showtime, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the kickoff cyclists that reached the summit of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the nomenclature, and wore a white jersey with scarlet polka dots.[17]

The fourth individual nomenclature was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way equally the general classification, simply only riders under 26 years were eligible.[18]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per squad on each stage were added; the leading squad was the team with the lowest total time.[19]

In addition, there was a combativity accolade given subsequently each mass-start phase to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made past a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.[twenty] Massimo Ghirotto won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.[10] The Gift Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the beginning rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 10. This prize was won by Tony Rominger.[21] [22] The off-white-play laurels was given to Gianni Bugno.[9]

Classification leadership by phase[23] [24]
Stage Winner General classification
A yellow jersey. 		Points classification
A green jersey 		Mountains nomenclature
A white jersey with red polka dots. 		Young passenger classification[a] Team classification Combativity
Honor Nomenclature
P Miguel Indurain Miguel Indurain Miguel Indurain François Simon Alex Zülle One time no laurels
1 Mario Cipollini Mario Cipollini Massimo Ghirotto Massimo Ghirotto
2 Wilfried Nelissen Wilfried Nelissen Wilfried Nelissen Wilfried Nelissen Ján Svorada Ján Svorada
iii Djamolidine Abdoujaparov Laurent Desbiens Laurent Desbiens Laurent Desbiens
4 GB–MG Maglificio Mario Cipollini no laurels
five Jesper Skibby Wilfried Nelissen Davide Cassani Bjarne Riis
6 Johan Bruyneel Mario Cipollini Jacky Durand
seven Bjarne Riis Johan Museeuw Mario Cipollini Bjarne Riis Motorola Bjarne Riis Bjarne Riis
eight Lance Armstrong Davide Cassani Pascal Lance
9 Miguel Indurain Miguel Indurain Alex Zülle ONCE no award
x Tony Rominger Tony Rominger
xi Tony Rominger Djamolidine Abdoujaparov Tony Rominger Oliverio Rincón Ariostea Davide Cassani
12 Fabio Roscioli Carrera Jeans–Tassoni Fabio Roscioli
xiii Olaf Ludwig Jacky Durand
14 Pascal Lino Giancarlo Perini
15 Oliverio Rincón Richard Virenque
16 Zenon Jaskuła Antonio Martín Claudio Chiappucci
17 Claudio Chiappucci Claudio Chiappucci
18 Djamolidine Abdoujaparov Michel Vermote Massimo Ghirotto
19 Tony Rominger no award
xx Djamolidine Abdoujaparov Rolf Sørensen
Final Miguel Indurain Djamolidine Abdoujaparov Tony Rominger Antonio Martín Carrera Jeans–Tassoni Massimo Ghirotto
  • In stage 1, Alex Zülle wore the dark-green jersey.
  • In stages 3, 4, and 6, Mario Cipollini wore the greenish jersey.

Final standings [edit]

Legend
A yellow jersey. Denotes the winner of the general classification A green jersey. Denotes the winner of the points classification
A white jersey with red polka dots. Denotes the winner of the mountains nomenclature

General classification [edit]

Final general classification (i–10)[25]
Rank Passenger Team Fourth dimension
1 Miguel Indurain(ESP) A yellow jersey. Banesto 95h 57' 09"
2 Toni Rominger(SUI) A white jersey with red polka dots. CLAS–Cajastur + 4' 59"
3 Zenon Jaskuła(Politico) GB–MG Maglificio + v' 48"
4 Alvaro Mejia(COL) Motorola + 7' 29"
5 Bjarne Riis(DEN) Ariostea + 16' 26"
half dozen Claudio Chiappucci(ITA) Carrera Jeans–Tassoni + 17' 18"
7 Johan Bruyneel(BEL) Once + 18' 04"
8 Andrew Hampsten(USA) Motorola + xx' 14"
9 Pedro Delgado(ESP) Banesto + 23' 57"
10 Vladimir Poulnikov(UKR) Carrera Jeans–Tassoni + 25' 29"

Combativity classification [edit]

Final combativity classification (1–iii)[9]
Rank Passenger Team Points
ane Massimo Ghirotto(ITA) ZG Mobili 34
ii Bjarne Riis(DEN) Ariostea 25
3 Jacky Durand(FRA) Castorama 23

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ A white jersey was non awarded to the leader of the immature rider classification betwixt 1989 and 1999.[18]

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b Abt, Samuel (xxx Oct 1992). "Tour de France Has Rocky Road Set For Riders in 1993". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved xiv February 2017.
  2. ^ a b "The history of the Tour de France – Twelvemonth 1993 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved ii April 2020.
  3. ^ "Les premières équipes pour le Tour" (in French). Le Soir. 19 May 1993. Archived from the original on iv March 2016. Retrieved 3 Apr 2013.
  4. ^ Deblander, Bruno (16 June 1993). "Sept maillots pour completer le generique du Tour de French republic 1993; Six invitations et une fusion" (in French). Le Soir. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved iii April 2013.
  5. ^ Abt, Samuel (17 June 1993). "Angry U.Southward. Cycle Team Says 'No' To Sharing Tour de French republic Slot". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d east f 1000 h i j McGann & McGann 2008, pp. 211–216.
  7. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 180.
  8. ^ "Bergetappes in de Tour" [Mountain stages in the Tour]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). iii July 1993. p. 31 – via Delpher.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "80ème Tour de French republic 1993" [80th Bout de French republic 1993]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  10. ^ a b Augendre 2016, p. 84.
  11. ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on sixteen May 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  12. ^ "The history of the Tour de French republic – Year 1993 – The phase winners". Bout de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved ii Apr 2020.
  13. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 110.
  14. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.
  15. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
  16. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.
  17. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
  18. ^ a b Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.
  19. ^ Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
  20. ^ van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.
  21. ^ "Vier miljoen prijzengeld te verdienen" [Earn 4 million in prize money]. Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 5 July 1993. p. xiv – via De Krant van Toen.
  22. ^ Augendre 2016, pp. 177–178.
  23. ^ "Bout de France 1993 – Leaders overview". ProCyclingStats. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  24. ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1993" [Data nigh the Bout de France from 1993]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  25. ^ a b "The history of the Bout de France – Year 1993 – Phase twenty Viry-Chatillon > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport System. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

Bibliography [edit]

  • Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF). Bout de France (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 Oct 2016.
  • McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Bout de France: 1965–2007. Vol. 2. Indianapolis, IN: Canis familiaris Ear Publishing. ISBN978-1-59858-608-4.
  • Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Effectually the World: History, Culture, and Practice. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-1-59884-300-two.
  • van den Akker, Pieter (2018). Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018. Cocky-published. ISBN978-i-79398-080-9.

Further reading [edit]

  • Walsh, David (1994). Within the Tour de France. London: Stanley Paul. ISBN978-0-09-178536-nine.

External links [edit]

Media related to 1993 Tour de French republic at Wikimedia Commons

Average Speed Tour De France,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Tour_de_France

Posted by: daviswillith1981.blogspot.com

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